What Is Physiological Dead Space


What Is Physiological Dead Space?

Physiological dead space is a term used to describe the portion of a person’s airway that does not allow air exchange. It is defined as the volume of air in the lungs that reaches the alveoli but does not participate in gas exchange.

It’s Role in Respiration

The respiratory system depends on air moving freely to the lungs and alveoli in order to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange to take place. The physiological dead space prevents any gaseous exchange, making it unable to take part in the process of respiration.

Physiological Dead Space Measurement

Physiological dead space can be measured in three main ways:

     

  • Anatomic Dead Space – This is measured by determining the volume of air in the nose and mouth that is unable to take part in respiration.

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  • Dynamic Dead Space – This is determined by measuring the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs but still never reaches the alveoli.

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  • Alveolar Dead Space – This is measured by determining the amount of air that reaches the alveoli but does not take part in gas exchange.

Causes of Increased Physiological Dead Space

Certain diseases or environmental factors can increase a person’s physiological dead space and decrease their rate of oxygen uptake. These include:

     

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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  • Asthma

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  • Smoking

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  • High Altitude

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  • Lung Infections

Conclusion

Physiological dead space is an important term to understand, as it can provide insights on a person’s respiratory health and gas exchange rate. Increased dead space can be a cause for concern as it can result in decreased oxygen uptake and other related complications.

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